Difference between revisions of "Text Formatting"

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(Created page with "<!--T:1--> You can format your text by using wiki markup. This consists of normal characters like asterisks, apostrophes, or equal signs which have a special function in the wiki, sometimes depending on their position. For example, to format a word in ''italic'', you include it in two pairs of apostrophes like <code><nowiki>''this''</nowiki></code>.")
 
 
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<!--T:1-->
  
 
You can format your text by using wiki markup. This consists of normal characters like asterisks, apostrophes, or equal signs which have a special function in the wiki, sometimes depending on their position. For example, to format a word in ''italic'', you include it in two pairs of apostrophes like <code><nowiki>''this''</nowiki></code>.
  
You can format your text by using wiki markup. This consists of normal characters like asterisks, apostrophes, or equal signs which have a special function in the wiki, sometimes depending on their position. For example, to format a word in ''italic'', you include it in two pairs of apostrophes like <code><nowiki>''this''</nowiki></code>.
  +
  +
== Text formatting markup ==
  +
  +
{| class="wikitable"
  +
! Description
  +
! width=40% | You type
  +
! width=40% | You get
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="3" style="background: #ABE" | Character (inline) formatting – ''applies anywhere''
  +
|-
  +
| Italic text
  +
| <pre>
  +
'' italic''
  +
</pre>
  +
|
  +
'' italic''
  +
|-
  +
| Bold text
  +
| <pre>
  +
''' bold'''
  +
</pre>
  +
|
  +
''' bold'''
  +
|-
  +
| Bold and italic
  +
| <pre>
  +
''''' bold & italic'''''
  +
</pre>
  +
|
  +
''''' bold & italic'''''
  +
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|nowiki|&lt;nowiki&gt;|.3Cnowiki.3E}}
  +
|-
  +
| Escape wiki markup
  +
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
  +
<!-- This can't use ＜syntaxhighlight＞＜nowiki＞, as that breaks the ＜translate＞ tag -->
  +
{{^(}}nowiki{{)^}} no [[wiki]] ''markup''{{^(}}/nowiki{{)^}}
  +
| lang = "html"
  +
}}
  +
|
  +
<nowiki>no [[wiki]] ''markup''</nowiki>
  +
|-
  +
! colspan="3" style="background: #ABE" | Section formatting – ''only at the beginning of the line''
  +
|-
  +
| Section Headings of different levels
  +
| <pre>
  +
  +
== Level 2 ==
  +
  +
=== Level 3 ===
  +
  +
==== Level 4 ====
  +
  +
===== Level 5 =====
  +
  +
====== Level 6 ======
  +
  +
</pre>
  +
----
  +
{{note|1=<nowiki/>
  +
* [[<tvar name=lv1>Special:MyLanguage/Help_talk:Formatting#Level_1</tvar>|Skip Level 1]], it is page name level.
  +
* Do not put any text on the same line after the ending equal signs.
  +
* An article with 4 or more headings automatically creates a [[wikipedia:Help:Section#Table of contents (TOC)|table of contents]] (unless setting the magic word <tvar name=1><code><nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki></code></tvar>).
  +
}}
  +
|
  +
<!-- using HTML markup to avoid creating new sections -->
  +
  +
  +
<h2>Level 2</h2>
  +
  +
  +
<h3>Level 3</h3>
  +
  +
  +
<h4>Level 4</h4>
  +
  +
  +
<h5>Level 5</h5>
  +
  +
  +
<h6>Level 6</h6>
  +
  +
|-
  +
| Horizontal rule
  +
| <pre>
  +
Text before
  +
----
  +
Text after
  +
</pre>
  +
|
  +
Text before
  +
----
  +
Text after
  +
|-
  +
| Bullet list
  +
|
  +
<pre>
  +
  +
  +
* Start each line
  +
* with an [[Wikipedia:asterisk|asterisk]] (*).
  +
** More asterisks give deeper
  +
*** and deeper levels.
  +
* Line breaks <br />don't break levels.
  +
*** But jumping levels creates empty space.
  +
Any other start ends the list.
  +
  +
  +
* combine bullet list
  +
** with definition
  +
::- definition
  +
** creates empty space
  +
  +
  +
* combine bullet list
  +
** with definition
  +
*:- definition
  +
** without empty spaces
  +
  +
  +
*bullet list
  +
:- definition
  +
:* sublist that doesn't create empty
  +
:* spaces after definition
  +
  +
</pre>
  +
|
  +
  +
  +
* Start each line
  +
* with an [[Wikipedia:asterisk|asterisk]] (*).
  +
** More asterisks give deeper
  +
*** and deeper levels.
  +
* Line breaks <br />don't break levels.
  +
*** But jumping levels creates empty space.
  +
Any other start ends the list.
  +
  +
  +
* combine bullet list
  +
** with definition
  +
::- definition
  +
** creates empty space
  +
  +
  +
* combine bullet list
  +
** with definition
  +
*:- definition
  +
** without empty spaces
  +
  +
  +
*bullet list
  +
:- definition
  +
:* sublist that doesn't create empty
  +
:* spaces after definition
  +
  +
|-
  +
| Numbered list
  +
|
  +
<pre>
  +
  +
  +
# Start each line
  +
# with a [[Wikipedia:Number_sign|number sign]] (#).
  +
## More number signs give deeper
  +
### and deeper
  +
### levels.
  +
# Line breaks <br />don't break levels.
  +
### But jumping levels creates empty space.
  +
# Blank lines
  +
  +
  +
# end the list and start another.
  +
Any other start also
  +
ends the list.
  +
  +
  +
<tvar name=1>&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;</tvar> use "nowiki" tags to display a literal (#) at the beginning of a line without interpreting it as a numbered list.
  +
  +
</pre>
  +
|
  +
  +
  +
# Start each line
  +
# with a [[Wikipedia:Number_sign|number sign]] (#).
  +
## More number signs give deeper
  +
### and deeper
  +
### levels.
  +
# Line breaks <br />don't break levels.
  +
### But jumping levels creates empty space.
  +
# Blank lines
  +
  +
  +
# end the list and start another.
  +
Any other start also
  +
ends the list.
  +
  +
  +
<tvar name=1><nowiki>#</nowiki></tvar> use "nowiki" tags to display a literal (#) at the beginning of a line without interpreting it as a numbered list.
  +
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|Definition list}}
  +
|-
  +
| Definition list
  +
| <pre>
  +
  +
  +
;item 1
  +
: definition 1
  +
;item 2
  +
: definition 2-1
  +
: definition 2-2
  +
  +
</pre>
  +
{{note|1= At the end of the line, if the line begins with a semicolon (;), any inserted colon (:) will not be displayed. If you want for the colon to be displayed, escape it by writing <tvar name=1><code>&amp;#58;</code></tvar>.}}
  +
|
  +
  +
  +
;item 1
  +
: definition 1
  +
;item 2
  +
: definition 2-1
  +
: definition 2-2
  +
  +
|-
  +
| Indent text
  +
| <pre>
  +
  +
  +
: Single indent
  +
:: Double indent
  +
::::: Multiple indent
  +
  +
</pre>
  +
----
  +
{{Note|1= This workaround may harm accessibility.}}
  +
|
  +
  +
  +
: Single indent
  +
:: Double indent
  +
::::: Multiple indent
  +
  +
|-
  +
| Mixture of different types of list
  +
| <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
  +
  +
  +
# one
  +
# two
  +
#* two point one
  +
#* two point two
  +
# three
  +
#; three item one
  +
#: three def one
  +
# four
  +
#: four def one
  +
#: this looks like a continuation
  +
#: and is often used
  +
#: instead <tvar name=1><br /></tvar> of <tvar name=2><nowiki><br /></nowiki></tvar>
  +
# five
  +
## five sub 1
  +
### five sub 1 sub 1
  +
## five sub 2
  +
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
----
  +
{{note|1= The usage of <tvar name=1><code>#:</code></tvar> and <tvar name=2><code>*:</code></tvar> for breaking a line within an item may also harm accessibility.}}
  +
|
  +
  +
  +
# one
  +
# two
  +
#* two point one
  +
#* two point two
  +
# three
  +
#; three item one
  +
#: three def one
  +
# four
  +
#: four def one
  +
#: this looks like a continuation
  +
#: and is often used
  +
#: instead <tvar name=1><br /></tvar> of <tvar name=2><nowiki><br /></nowiki></tvar>
  +
# five
  +
## five sub 1
  +
### five sub 1 sub 1
  +
## five sub 2
  +
  +
|-
  +
| Preformatted text
  +
| <pre>
  +
Start each line with a space.
  +
Text is '''preformatted''' and
  +
''markups'' '''''can''''' be done.
  +
</pre>
  +
----
  +
{{note|1= This way of preformatting only applies to section formatting. Character formatting markups are still effective.}}
  +
|
  +
Start each line with a space.
  +
Text is '''preformatted''' and
  +
''markups'' '''''can''''' be done.
  +
|-
  +
| Preformatted text blocks
  +
| <pre> &lt;nowiki&gt;
  +
Start with a space in the first column,
  +
(before the <tvar name=1>&lt;nowiki&gt;</tvar>).
  +
  +
  +
Then your block format will be
  +
maintained.
  +
  +
  +
This is good for copying in code blocks:
  +
  +
  +
def function():
  +
""" documentation string"""
  +
  +
if True:
  +
print True
  +
else:
  +
print False&lt;/nowiki&gt;
  +
</pre>
  +
|
  +
{{#tag:nowiki|
  +
Start with a space in the first column,
  +
(before the &lt;nowiki&gt;).
  +
  +
  +
Then your block format will be
  +
maintained.
  +
  +
  +
This is good for copying in code blocks:
  +
  +
  +
def function():
  +
""" documentation string"""
  +
  +
if True:
  +
print True
  +
else:
  +
print False
  +
}}
  +
|}
  +
  +
{{anchor|&lt;p&gt;|.3Cp.3E}}
  +
  +
== Paragraphs ==
  +
  +
{{anchor|&lt;br&gt;|.3Cbr.3E}}
  +
  +
  +
MediaWiki ignores single line breaks. To start a new paragraph, leave an empty line. You can force a line break within a paragraph with the HTML tag <tvar name=1>{{tag|br|single}}</tvar>.
  +
  +
== HTML tags ==
  +
  +
{{anchor|&lt;div&gt;|.3Cdiv.3E|&lt;span&gt;|.3Cspan.3E}}
  +
  +
  +
Some [[wikipedia:HTML|HTML]] tags are allowed in MediaWiki, for example <tvar name=1>{{tag|code|open}}</tvar>, [[w:Div and span|<tvar name=2>{{tag|div|open}}</tvar>, and <tvar name=3>{{tag|span|open}}</tvar>]]. These apply anywhere you insert them.
  +
  +
{| class="wikitable"
  +
! Description
  +
! width=40% | You type
  +
! width=40% | You get
  +
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;ins&gt;|.3Cins.3E|&lt;u&gt;|.3Cu.3E}}
  +
|-
  +
| Inserted <br />(Displays as underline in most browsers)
  +
| <syntaxhighlight lang=html>
  +
<ins> Inserted</ins>
  +
  +
or
  +
  +
<u> Underline</u>
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
|
  +
<ins> Inserted</ins>
  +
  +
or
  +
  +
<u> Underline</u>
  +
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;del&gt;|.3Cdel.3E|&lt;s&gt;|.3Cs.3E}}
  +
|-
  +
| Deleted <br />(Displays as strike-through in most browsers)
  +
| <syntaxhighlight lang=html>
  +
<s> Strike-through</s>
  +
  +
or
  +
  +
<del> Deleted</del>
  +
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
|
  +
<s> Strike-through</s>
  +
  +
or
  +
  +
<del> Deleted</del>
  +
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;code&gt;|.3Ccode.3E}}
  +
|-
  +
| Fixed width text
  +
| <syntaxhighlight lang=html><code> Source code</code></syntaxhighlight>
  +
| <code> Source code</code>
  +
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;blockquote&gt;|.3Cblockquote.3E}}
  +
|-
  +
| Blockquotes
  +
| <syntaxhighlight lang=html>
  +
Text before
  +
<blockquote> Blockquote</blockquote>
  +
Text after
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
|
  +
Text before
  +
<blockquote> Blockquote</blockquote>
  +
Text after
  +
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;q&gt;|.3Cq.3E}}
  +
|-
  +
| Quotes
  +
| <syntaxhighlight lang=html><q> This is a quotation</q></syntaxhighlight>
  +
{{Note|1= The q element '''must not''' be used in place of quotation marks that do not represent quotes; for example, it is inappropriate to use the q element for marking up sarcastic statements.<ref>[<tvar name=url>https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-q-element</tvar> HTML Living Standard—The <tvar name=q>&lt;'''q'''&gt;</tvar> element]</ref>}}
  +
| <q> This is a quotation</q>
  +
|-
  +
| Comment
  +
| <syntaxhighlight lang=html>
  +
  +
  +
<!-- This is a comment -->
  +
Comments are visible only
  +
in the edit zone.
  +
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
|
  +
  +
  +
<!-- This is a comment -->
  +
Comments are visible only
  +
in the edit zone.
  +
  +
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;pre&gt;|.3Cpre.3E}}
  +
|-
  +
| Completely preformatted text
  +
| <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
  +
<pre>
  +
  +
  +
Text is '''preformatted''' and
  +
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done
  +
  +
</pre>
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
----
  +
{{note|1= For marking up of preformatted text, check the "Preformatted text" entry at the end of the previous table.}}
  +
|
  +
<pre>
  +
  +
  +
Text is '''preformatted''' and
  +
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done
  +
  +
</pre>
  +
|-
  +
| '''Customized''' preformatted text
  +
| <syntaxhighlight lang="html">
  +
<pre style="color: red">
  +
  +
  +
Text is '''preformatted'''
  +
with a style and
  +
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done
  +
  +
</pre>
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
----
  +
{{note|1= A CSS style can be named within the <code>style</code> attribute.}}
  +
|
  +
<pre style="color: red">
  +
  +
  +
Text is '''preformatted'''
  +
with a style and
  +
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done
  +
  +
</pre>
  +
|}
  +
  +
  +
continued:
  +
{| class="wikitable" | style="table-layout: fixed; width: 100%"
  +
! Description
  +
! width=40% | You type
  +
! width=40% | You get
  +
|-
  +
| '''Default''' preformatted text has a CSS attribute (<code>white-space: pre-wrap;</code>) to wrap the text according to available width
  +
| <syntaxhighlight lang=html>
  +
<pre>
  +
This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.
  +
</pre>
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
|
  +
<pre>
  +
This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.
  +
</pre>
  +
|-
  +
| '''Customized''' preformatted text with '''disabled''' text wrapping
  +
| <syntaxhighlight lang=html>
  +
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
  +
This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.
  +
</pre>
  +
</syntaxhighlight>
  +
|
  +
<pre style="white-space: pre;">
  +
This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.
  +
</pre>
  +
|}
  +
  +
  +
  +
== Inserting symbols ==
  +
  +
  +
Symbols and other special characters not available on your keyboard can be inserted in a multitude of ways. Many [http://www.howtogeek.com/210824/how-to-quickly-type-special-characters-on-any-computer-smartphone-or-tablet/ Operating Systems and browsers] allow you to insert special characters through a menu option or Operating System panel. Additionally, you can use the WikiEditor or [[VisualEditor/Special characters|VisualEditor]] to insert them into the edit screen.
  +
  +
  +
As a last resort, you can use a special sequence of characters. Those sequences are called HTML entities. For example, the following sequence (entity) '''&amp;rarr;''' when inserted will be shown as <ins>right arrow</ins> HTML symbol &rarr; and '''&amp;mdash;''' when inserted will be shown as an <ins>em dash</ins> HTML symbol &mdash;.
  +
----
  +
{{note|1= Hover over any symbol to reveal the entity that produces it. Some symbols not available in the current font will appear as empty squares.}}
  +
  +
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
  +
|+ HTML symbol entities
  +
|-
  +
| <span title="&amp;Aacute;">&Aacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;aacute;">&aacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Acirc;">&Acirc;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;acirc;">&acirc;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;acute;">&acute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;AElig;">&AElig;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;aelig;">&aelig;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Agrave;">&Agrave;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;agrave;">&agrave;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;alefsym;">&alefsym;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Alpha;">&Alpha;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;alpha;">&alpha;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;amp;">&amp;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;and;">&and;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ang;">&ang;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Aring;">&Aring;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;aring;">&aring;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;asymp;">&asymp;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Atilde;">&Atilde;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;atilde;">&atilde;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Auml;">&Auml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;auml;">&auml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;bdquo;">&bdquo;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Beta;">&Beta;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;beta;">&beta;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;brvbar;">&brvbar;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;bull;">&bull;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;cap;">&cap;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Ccedil;">&Ccedil;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ccedil;">&ccedil;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;cedil;">&cedil;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;cent;">&cent;</span>
  +
|-
  +
| <span title="&amp;Chi;">&Chi;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;chi;">&chi;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;circ;">&circ;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;clubs;">&clubs;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;cong;">&cong;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;copy;">&copy;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;crarr;">&crarr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;cup;">&cup;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;curren;">&curren;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;dagger;">&dagger;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Dagger;">&Dagger;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;darr;">&darr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;dArr;">&dArr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;deg;">&deg;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Delta;">&Delta;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;delta;">&delta;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;diams;">&diams;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;divide;">&divide;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Eacute;">&Eacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;eacute;">&eacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Ecirc;">&Ecirc;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ecirc;">&ecirc;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Egrave;">&Egrave;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;egrave;">&egrave;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;empty;">&empty;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;emsp;">&emsp;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ensp;">&ensp;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Epsilon;">&Epsilon;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;epsilon;">&epsilon;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;equiv;">&equiv;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Eta;">&Eta;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;eta;">&eta;</span>
  +
|-
  +
| <span title="&amp;ETH;">&ETH;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;eth;">&eth;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Euml;">&Euml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;euml;">&euml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;euro;">&euro;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;exist;">&exist;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;fnof;">&fnof;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;forall;">&forall;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;frac12;">&frac12;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;frac14;">&frac14;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;frac34;">&frac34;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;frasl;">&frasl;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Gamma;">&Gamma;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;gamma;">&gamma;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ge;">&ge;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;gt;">&gt;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;harr;">&harr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;hArr;">&hArr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;hearts;">&hearts;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;hellip;">&hellip;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Iacute;">&Iacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;iacute;">&iacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Icirc;">&Icirc;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;icirc;">&icirc;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;iexcl;">&iexcl;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Igrave;">&Igrave;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;igrave;">&igrave;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;image;">&image;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;infin;">&infin;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;int;">&int;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Iota;">&Iota;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;iota;">&iota;</span>
  +
|-
  +
| <span title="&amp;iquest;">&iquest;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;isin;">&isin;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Iuml;">&Iuml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;iuml;">&iuml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Kappa;">&Kappa;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;kappa;">&kappa;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Lambda;">&Lambda;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;lambda;">&lambda;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;lang;">&lang;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;laquo;">&laquo;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;larr;">&larr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;lArr;">&lArr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;lceil;">&lceil;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ldquo;">&ldquo;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;le;">&le;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;lfloor;">&lfloor;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;lowast;">&lowast;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;loz;">&loz;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;lrm;">&lrm;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;lsaquo;">&lsaquo;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;lsquo;">&lsquo;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;lt;">&lt;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;macr;">&macr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;mdash;">&mdash;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;micro;">&micro;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;middot;">&middot;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;minus;">&minus;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Mu;">&Mu;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;mu;">&mu;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;nabla;">&nabla;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;nbsp;">&nbsp;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ndash;">&ndash;</span>
  +
|-
  +
| <span title="&amp;ne;">&ne;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ni;">&ni;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;not;">&not;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;notin;">&notin;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;nsub;">&nsub;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Ntilde;">&Ntilde;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ntilde;">&ntilde;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Nu;">&Nu;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;nu;">&nu;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Oacute;">&Oacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;oacute;">&oacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Ocirc;">&Ocirc;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ocirc;">&ocirc;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;OElig;">&OElig;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;oelig;">&oelig;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Ograve;">&Ograve;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ograve;">&ograve;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;oline;">&oline;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Omega;">&Omega;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;omega;">&omega;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Omicron;">&Omicron;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;omicron;">&omicron;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;oplus;">&oplus;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;or;">&or;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ordf;">&ordf;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ordm;">&ordm;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Oslash;">&Oslash;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;oslash;">&oslash;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Otilde;">&Otilde;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;otilde;">&otilde;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;otimes;">&otimes;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Ouml;">&Ouml;</span>
  +
|-
  +
| <span title="&amp;ouml;">&ouml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;para;">&para;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;part;">&part;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;permil;">&permil;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;perp;">&perp;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Phi;">&Phi;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;phi;">&phi;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Pi;">&Pi;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;pi;">&pi;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;piv;">&piv;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;plusmn;">&plusmn;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;pound;">&pound;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;prime;">&prime;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Prime;">&Prime;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;prod;">&prod;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;prop;">&prop;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Psi;">&Psi;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;psi;">&psi;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;quot;">&quot;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;radic;">&radic;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;rang;">&rang;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;raquo;">&raquo;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;rarr;">&rarr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;rArr;">&rArr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;rceil;">&rceil;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;rdquo;">&rdquo;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;real;">&real;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;reg;">&reg;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;rfloor;">&rfloor;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Rho;">&Rho;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;rho;">&rho;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;rlm;">&rlm;</span>
  +
|-
  +
| <span title="&amp;rsaquo;">&rsaquo;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;rsquo;">&rsquo;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sbquo;">&sbquo;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Scaron;">&Scaron;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;scaron;">&scaron;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sdot;">&sdot;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sect;">&sect;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;shy;">&shy;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Sigma;">&Sigma;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sigma;">&sigma;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sigmaf;">&sigmaf;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sim;">&sim;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;spades;">&spades;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sub;">&sub;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sube;">&sube;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sum;">&sum;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sup;">&sup;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sup1;">&sup1;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sup2;">&sup2;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;sup3;">&sup3;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;supe;">&supe;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;szlig;">&szlig;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Tau;">&Tau;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;tau;">&tau;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;there4;">&there4;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Theta;">&Theta;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;theta;">&theta;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;thetasym;">&thetasym;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;thinsp;">&thinsp;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;THORN;">&THORN;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;thorn;">&thorn;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;tilde;">&tilde;</span>
  +
|-
  +
| <span title="&amp;times;">&times;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;trade;">&trade;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Uacute;">&Uacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;uacute;">&uacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;uarr;">&uarr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;uArr;">&uArr;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Ucirc;">&Ucirc;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ucirc;">&ucirc;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Ugrave;">&Ugrave;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;ugrave;">&ugrave;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;uml;">&uml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;upsih;">&upsih;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Upsilon;">&Upsilon;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;upsilon;">&upsilon;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Uuml;">&Uuml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;uuml;">&uuml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;weierp;">&weierp;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Xi;">&Xi;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;xi;">&xi;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Yacute;">&Yacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;yacute;">&yacute;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;yen;">&yen;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;yuml;">&yuml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Yuml;">&Yuml;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;Zeta;">&Zeta;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;zeta;">&zeta;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;zwj;">&zwj;</span>
  +
| <span title="&amp;zwnj;">&zwnj;</span>
  +
|}
  +
  +
{| class="wikitable"
  +
! Description
  +
! width=40% | You type
  +
! width=40% | You get
  +
|-
  +
| Copyright symbol
  +
|class=mw-code| &amp;copy;
  +
|
  +
:::'''&copy;'''
  +
|-
  +
| Greek delta letter symbol
  +
|class=mw-code|&amp;delta;
  +
|
  +
:::'''&delta;'''
  +
|-
  +
| Euro currency symbol
  +
|class=mw-code|&amp;euro;
  +
|
  +
:::'''&euro;'''
  +
|}
  +
  +
  +
See the list of all HTML entities on the Wikipedia article [[wikipedia:List of HTML entities|List of HTML entities]]. Additionally, MediaWiki supports two non-standard entity reference sequences: <code>&amp;רלמ;</code> and <code>&amp;رلم;</code> which are both considered equivalent to <code>&amp;rlm;</code> which is a [[wikipedia:Right-to-left mark|right-to-left mark]]. (Used when combining right to left languages with left to right languages in the same page.)
  +
  +
== HTML tags and symbol entities displayed themselves (with and without interpreting them) ==
  +
  +
:<syntaxhighlight lang=html inline>&amp;euro;</syntaxhighlight> &nbsp;&rarr; '''&amp;euro;'''
  +
  +
:<syntaxhighlight lang=html inline><span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through;"> Typo to be corrected</span></syntaxhighlight> <!--
  +
-->&nbsp;&rarr; '''<span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through;"> Typo to be corrected</span>'''
  +
  +
:<syntaxhighlight lang=html inline>&lt;span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through;"> Typo to be corrected</span></syntaxhighlight> <!--
  +
-->&nbsp;&rarr; '''&lt;span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through;"> Typo to be corrected&lt;/span>'''
  +
  +
  +
=== Nowiki for HTML ===
  +
  +
{{tag|nowiki|s}} can prohibit (HTML) tags:
  +
* <nowiki><<</nowiki>nowiki />pre> &nbsp;&rarr; <<nowiki/>pre>
  +
But ''not'' &amp; symbol escapes:
  +
* &<<nowiki />nowiki />amp; &nbsp;&rarr; &<nowiki />amp;
  +
  +
  +
To print &amp; symbol escapes as text, use "<tvar name=1><syntaxhighlight inline lang="html">&amp;</syntaxhighlight></tvar>" to replace the "&" character (eg. type "<tvar name=2><syntaxhighlight inline lang="html">&amp;nbsp;</syntaxhighlight></tvar>", which results in "<tvar name=3><syntaxhighlight inline lang="html">&nbsp;</syntaxhighlight></tvar>").
  +
  +
== Other formatting ==
  +
  +
  +
Beyond the text formatting markup shown hereinbefore, here are some other formatting references:
  +
  +
  +
* {{ll|Help:Links|nsp=0}}
  +
* {{ll|Help:Lists|nsp=0}}
  +
* {{ll|Help:Images|nsp=0}}
  +
  +
  +
* LanguageConverter markup – see <tvar name=1>{{ll|Writing systems/Syntax}}</tvar>
  +
  +
  +
* References – see <tvar name=1>{{ll|Extension:Cite}}</tvar>
  +
* [[<tvar name=tables>Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables</tvar>|Tables]]
  +
  +
  +
You can find more references at <tvar name=1>{{ll|Help:Contents}}</tvar>.
  +
  +
== References ==
  +
  +
<references />
  +
  +
[[Category:Help{{#translation:}}|Formatting]]

Latest revision as of 15:47, 23 March 2022

You can format your text by using wiki markup. This consists of normal characters like asterisks, apostrophes, or equal signs which have a special function in the wiki, sometimes depending on their position. For example, to format a word in italic, you include it in two pairs of apostrophes like ''this''.

Text formatting markup

Description You type You get
Character (inline) formatting – applies anywhere
Italic text 
'' italic''

italic

Bold text 
''' bold'''

bold

Bold and italic 
''''' bold & italic'''''

bold & italic Template:Table-AnchorRow

Escape wiki markup <syntaxhighlight lang="html">

Template:^(nowikiTemplate:)^ no wiki markupTemplate:^(/nowikiTemplate:)^ </syntaxhighlight> 

no [[wiki]] ''markup''
Section formatting – only at the beginning of the line
Section Headings of different levels 

== Level 2 == 

=== Level 3 === 

==== Level 4 ==== 

===== Level 5 ===== 

====== Level 6 ======

Template:Note


Level 2


Level 3


Level 4


Level 5


Level 6
Horizontal rule 
 Text before
----
 Text after

Text before

Text after
Bullet list 


* Start each line
* with an [[Wikipedia:asterisk|asterisk]] (*).
** More asterisks give deeper
*** and deeper levels.
* Line breaks <br />don't break levels.
*** But jumping levels creates empty space.
Any other start ends the list.


* combine bullet list
** with definition 
::- definition
** creates empty space


* combine bullet list
** with definition 
*:- definition
** without empty spaces


*bullet list
:- definition
:* sublist that doesn't create empty
:* spaces after definition


  • Start each line
  • with an asterisk (*).
    • More asterisks give deeper
      • and deeper levels.
  • Line breaks
    don't break levels.
      • But jumping levels creates empty space.

Any other start ends the list.


  • combine bullet list
    • with definition
- definition
    • creates empty space


  • combine bullet list
    • with definition
    - definition
    • without empty spaces


  • bullet list
- definition
  • sublist that doesn't create empty
  • spaces after definition
Numbered list 


# Start each line
# with a [[Wikipedia:Number_sign|number sign]] (#).
## More number signs give deeper
### and deeper
### levels.
# Line breaks <br />don't break levels.
### But jumping levels creates empty space.
# Blank lines


# end the list and start another.
Any other start also
ends the list.


<tvar name=1><nowiki>#</nowiki></tvar> use "nowiki" tags to display a literal (#) at the beginning of a line without interpreting it as a numbered list.


  1. Start each line
  2. with a number sign (#).
    1. More number signs give deeper
      1. and deeper
      2. levels.
  3. Line breaks
    don't break levels.
      1. But jumping levels creates empty space.
  4. Blank lines


  1. end the list and start another.

Any other start also ends the list.


<tvar name=1>#</tvar> use "nowiki" tags to display a literal (#) at the beginning of a line without interpreting it as a numbered list. Template:Table-AnchorRow

Definition list 


;item 1
: definition 1
;item 2
: definition 2-1
: definition 2-2

Template:Note


item 1
definition 1
item 2
definition 2-1
definition 2-2
Indent text 


: Single indent
:: Double indent
::::: Multiple indent

Template:Note


Single indent
Double indent
Multiple indent
Mixture of different types of list <syntaxhighlight lang="html">


  1. one
  2. two
    • two point one
    • two point two
  3. three
    three item one
    three def one
  4. four
    four def one
    this looks like a continuation
    and is often used
    instead <tvar name=1>
    </tvar> of <tvar name=2><br /></tvar>
  5. five
    1. five sub 1
      1. five sub 1 sub 1
    2. five sub 2

</syntaxhighlight>

Template:Note


  1. one
  2. two
    • two point one
    • two point two
  3. three
    three item one
    three def one
  4. four
    four def one
    this looks like a continuation
    and is often used
    instead <tvar name=1>
    </tvar> of <tvar name=2><br /></tvar>
  5. five
    1. five sub 1
      1. five sub 1 sub 1
    2. five sub 2
Preformatted text 
  Start each line with a space.
  Text is '''preformatted''' and
  ''markups'' '''''can''''' be done.

Template:Note 

 Start each line with a space.
 Text is preformatted and
 markups can be done.
Preformatted text blocks 
 <nowiki>
Start with a space in the first column,
(before the <tvar name=1><nowiki></tvar>).


Then your block format will be
    maintained.


This is good for copying in code blocks:


def function():
    """ documentation string"""

    if True:
        print True
    else:
        print False</nowiki>

Start with a space in the first column,
(before the <nowiki>).


Then your block format will be
    maintained.


This is good for copying in code blocks:


def function():
    """ documentation string"""

    if True:
        print True
    else:
        print False

Template:Anchor

Paragraphs

Template:Anchor


MediaWiki ignores single line breaks. To start a new paragraph, leave an empty line. You can force a line break within a paragraph with the HTML tag <tvar name=1>Template:Tag</tvar>.

HTML tags

Template:Anchor


Some HTML tags are allowed in MediaWiki, for example <tvar name=1>Template:Tag</tvar>, [[w:Div and span|<tvar name=2>Template:Tag</tvar>, and <tvar name=3>Template:Tag</tvar>]]. These apply anywhere you insert them.

Description You type You get

Template:Table-AnchorRow

Inserted
(Displays as underline in most browsers) 		<syntaxhighlight lang=html>

Inserted 

or

Underline </syntaxhighlight>

Inserted 

or

Underline Template:Table-AnchorRow

Deleted
(Displays as strike-through in most browsers) 		<syntaxhighlight lang=html>

Strike-through 

or

Deleted

</syntaxhighlight>

Strike-through 

or

Deleted Template:Table-AnchorRow

Fixed width text <syntaxhighlight lang=html> Source code</syntaxhighlight> Source code

Template:Table-AnchorRow

Blockquotes <syntaxhighlight lang=html> 
Text before

Blockquote

Text after

</syntaxhighlight> 

Text before

Blockquote

Text after

Template:Table-AnchorRow

Quotes <syntaxhighlight lang=html> This is a quotation</syntaxhighlight>

Template:Note

This is a quotation
Comment <syntaxhighlight lang=html>


Comments are visible only in the edit zone.

</syntaxhighlight>


Comments are visible only in the edit zone.

Template:Table-AnchorRow

Completely preformatted text <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> 


Text is '''preformatted''' and 
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done

</syntaxhighlight>

Template:Note 



Text is '''preformatted''' and 
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done
Customized preformatted text <syntaxhighlight lang="html"> 


Text is '''preformatted''' 
with a style and 
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done

</syntaxhighlight>

Template:Note 



Text is '''preformatted''' 
with a style and 
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done


continued:

Description You type You get
Default preformatted text has a CSS attribute (white-space: pre-wrap;) to wrap the text according to available width <syntaxhighlight lang=html> 
 This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.

</syntaxhighlight> 

 This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.
Customized preformatted text with disabled text wrapping <syntaxhighlight lang=html> 
 This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.

</syntaxhighlight> 

 This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.


Inserting symbols

Symbols and other special characters not available on your keyboard can be inserted in a multitude of ways. Many Operating Systems and browsers allow you to insert special characters through a menu option or Operating System panel. Additionally, you can use the WikiEditor or VisualEditor to insert them into the edit screen.


As a last resort, you can use a special sequence of characters. Those sequences are called HTML entities. For example, the following sequence (entity) &rarr; when inserted will be shown as right arrow HTML symbol → and &mdash; when inserted will be shown as an em dash HTML symbol —.

Template:Note

HTML symbol entities
Á á Â â ´ Æ æ À à ℵ Α α & ∧ ∠ Å å ≈ Ã ã Ä ä „ Β β ¦ • ∩ Ç ç ¸ ¢
Χ χ ˆ ♣ ≅ © ↵ ∪ ¤ † ‡ ↓ ⇓ ° Δ δ ♦ ÷ É é Ê ê È è ∅     Ε ε ≡ Η η
Ð ð Ë ë € ∃ ƒ ∀ ½ ¼ ¾ ⁄ Γ γ ≥ > ↔ ⇔ ♥ … Í í Î î ¡ Ì ì ℑ ∞ ∫ Ι ι
¿ ∈ Ï ï Κ κ Λ λ ⟨ « ← ⇐ ⌈ “ ≤ ⌊ ∗ ◊ ‎ ‹ ‘ < ¯ — µ · − Μ μ ∇   –
≠ ∋ ¬ ∉ ⊄ Ñ ñ Ν ν Ó ó Ô ô Œ œ Ò ò ‾ Ω ω Ο ο ⊕ ∨ ª º Ø ø Õ õ ⊗ Ö
ö ∂ ‰ ⊥ Φ φ Π π ϖ ± £ ′ ″ ∏ ∝ Ψ ψ " √ ⟩ » → ⇒ ⌉ ” ℜ ® ⌋ Ρ ρ ‏
› ’ ‚ Š š ⋅ § ­ Σ σ ς ∼ ♠ ⊂ ⊆ ∑ ⊃ ¹ ² ³ ⊇ ß Τ τ ∴ Θ θ ϑ   Þ þ ˜
× ™ Ú ú ↑ ⇑ Û û Ù ù ¨ ϒ Υ υ Ü ü ℘ Ξ ξ Ý ý ¥ ÿ Ÿ Ζ ζ ‍ ‌
Description You type You get
Copyright symbol &copy;
©
Greek delta letter symbol &delta;
δ
Euro currency symbol &euro;
€


See the list of all HTML entities on the Wikipedia article List of HTML entities. Additionally, MediaWiki supports two non-standard entity reference sequences: &רלמ; and &رلم; which are both considered equivalent to &rlm; which is a right-to-left mark. (Used when combining right to left languages with left to right languages in the same page.)

HTML tags and symbol entities displayed themselves (with and without interpreting them)

<syntaxhighlight lang=html inline>&euro;</syntaxhighlight>  → &euro;
<syntaxhighlight lang=html inline> Typo to be corrected</syntaxhighlight>  → Typo to be corrected
<syntaxhighlight lang=html inline><span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through;"> Typo to be corrected</syntaxhighlight>  → <span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through;"> Typo to be corrected</span>


Nowiki for HTML

Template:Tag can prohibit (HTML) tags:

  • <<nowiki />pre>  → <pre>
But not & symbol escapes:
  • &<nowiki />amp;  → &


To print & symbol escapes as text, use "<tvar name=1><syntaxhighlight inline lang="html">&</syntaxhighlight></tvar>" to replace the "&" character (eg. type "<tvar name=2><syntaxhighlight inline lang="html">&nbsp;</syntaxhighlight></tvar>", which results in "<tvar name=3><syntaxhighlight inline lang="html"> </syntaxhighlight></tvar>").

Other formatting

Beyond the text formatting markup shown hereinbefore, here are some other formatting references:



  • LanguageConverter markup – see <tvar name=1>Template:Ll</tvar>


  • References – see <tvar name=1>Template:Ll</tvar>
  • [[<tvar name=tables>Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables</tvar>|Tables]]


You can find more references at <tvar name=1>Template:Ll</tvar>.

References

<references />

[[Category:Help{{#translation:}}|Formatting]]

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